The following references are either cited in this report or helped to inform it.
Blumler, J. G. (1979). The role of theory in uses and gratifications studies. Communication research, 6(1), 9-36.
Dennis, E. E., Martin, J. D., & Wood, R. (2015). Media use in the Middle East, 2015: A six-nation survey. Northwestern University in Qatar. Retrieved from www.mideastmedia.org/2015
Dennis, E. E., Martin, J. D., & Wood, R. (2016). Media use in the Middle East, 2016: A six-nation survey. Northwestern University in Qatar. Retrieved from www.mideastmedia.org/survey/2016.
Dennis, E. E., Martin, J. D., & Wood, R. (2017). Middle use in the Middle East, 2017: A seven-nation survey. Northwestern University in Qatar. Retrieved from www.mideastmedia.org/survey/2017.
Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1974). “Utilization of mass communication by the individual.” In J. Blumler & E Katz (Eds.), The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratifications research (pp. 19-32). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Rubin. A. M. (2002). “The uses-and-gratifications perspective of media effects.” In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann’s (Eds.) Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 525-528). Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and Gratifications Theory in the 21st Century. Mass Communication and Society, 3(1), 3-37. doi: 10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_02